Monday, October 27, 2008

1 Chronicles 1:13

13 Canaan was the father of Sidon his firstborn, and of the Hittites... (NIV)

Sidon is of course a city, or a city-state, about 22 miles north of Tyre on the Mediterranean coastline. The Targum says that Canaan was the father of Bothniam (בותניאם) who built Sidon, but we will accept the record of the Bible's text over the Targum.

For many centuries, the Bible was the only document to even mention the Hittites. Some critics even used this gap of knowledge as evidence that the Bible must contain fabrications and myths. But then in 1871 and later in 1906-1907, vast amounts of Hittite evidence began to be turned up from as far east as the Euphrates and as far northwest as Boghaz-koy in Turkey. At least ten thousand documents have been unearthed, vindicating Joshua's reference to the entire fertile crescent as "the land of the Hittites" (Joshua 1:4).

The man's name in this verse is actually Heth (חת), whose family settles along the Halys River in central Turkey before 2200 BC, when they were overrun by an Indo-European (Japhethite?) group that simply took over as the Hittite ruling class and adopted the unusual Hittite dress (heavy coats, upturned shoes). Physically the Hittites were stocky with large prominent noses, retreating foreheads and are often depicted with thick lips. Later carvings from Carchemish show Hittites with long beards that are pleated or braided.

The Bible depicts the Hittites as owning fields. Abraham bought the field which contained the Cave of Macpelah from a Hittite names Ephron son of Zohar (Genesis 23:9) in order to bury his wife Sarah after her death.

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